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Often, an exact cause of male infertility can’t be identified. Even if an exact cause isn’t clear, your doctor might be able to recommend fertility treatments or IVF procedures that will result in conception. In cases of male infertility, the female partner also is recommended to be checked. This can help to determine if she will require any specific fertility treatments or if proceeding with assisted reproductive techniques is appropriate.
Statistics indicate around 1/3rd of all cases of infertility can be linked to the male partner. Male fertility is generally linked to sperm disorders such as low sperm count, abnormal sperm shape, or poor sperm motility. A standard semen analysis test can be conducted to determine the cause immediately.
Generally, the sperm count of a fertile male would be in the range of 200 million, while the count considered normal for fertilisation is around 20 million per millilitre. More than half the sperm cells in the sample need to be mobile, while at least a third should be of normal shape. However, most cases of male infertility can be overcome through Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) treatment, where a single sperm cell is injected into the centre of an egg to achieve fertilization.
Statistics suggest that roughly one in three cases of infertility can be explained by female causes. These causes may be physical, hormonal or simply age-related. Once the exact cause of infertility has been determined, the doctor will be able to make recommendations on the course of treatment that needs to be adopted.
Infertility in males can be attributed to one of several factors – a sperm transport disorder, a gonad disorder, a hypothalamic or pituitary disorder or other unknown causes. Male infertility usually occurs due to ejaculation problems, insufficient quantity of sperm, and sperm of abnormal size.
Abnormal sperm is identified by a short life span and low motility. This may be caused by inflammation of the testicles, varicoceles in the testicles and abnormally developed testicles. The use of alcohol, tobacco or other drugs, or exposure to radiation and poisonous chemicals could result in a low sperm count. Hormonal disorders or injuries sustained in the groin area could also lead to a low sperm count.
The third main cause of infertility is difficulty in ejaculation, including premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, and retrograde ejaculation, wherein semen is forced back into the bladder.
While it is difficult to completely prevent infertility through a diet, there are certain foods that can contribute to healthier sperm. Foods rich in Omega-3 are strongly recommended for increasing one’s sperm count, so a diet loaded with fish and flax, chia or hemp seeds would go a long way in preventing infertility.
Folic acid – which is equally beneficial for women in enhancing their chances of pregnancy – contributes to higher fertility in men, as higher intake of folates has been linked to higher sperm quality. Folic acid occurs naturally in dark leafy greens such as spinach, asparagus and Brussel sprouts, among others.
Antioxidants help protect sperm from oxidative stress, which is responsible for most cases of male subfertility. A wide variety of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes provide the requisite antioxidants to your body and help you maintain a healthy weight – another factor for infertility in men.
Infertility fundamentally refers to the inability to conceive offsprings. In more specific terms, it is the inability to achieve pregnancy, by a couple of reproductive age, after one whole year of unprotected sexual activity. Primary Infertility is a term used to define infertility in a couple who are yet to have their first child. Secondary Infertility is the failure to conceive after a previous pregnancy.
Statistically, about 40 percent of all
are caused by the male, 40 percent by the female, and 20 percent involves complications with both partners. Male Infertility occurs as a result of semen deficiencies. It is usually diagnosed by a thorough and detailed semen analysis. Sometimes, blood tests are also required to determine hormonal imbalances or genetic issues. Female infertility cannot be specifically defined, but it is generally described as a disease of the reproductive system that leads to failure of conception. Several examinations are conducted to determine the exact cause of female infertility – hormonal testing through blood samples, ultrasound scanning, pelvic examinations and laparoscopy.
At Birth and Beyond, we believe that there is never a ‘black-and-white’ approach to fertility issues. Both partners, with their varying levels of fertility, contribute equally towards conception. In some cases, high fertility levels of one partner can compensate for the low fertility levels of the other.
In general, infertility could be caused by genetic or lifestyle-related factors. However, a few factors are specific to male and female infertility. Lifestyle-related factors: obesity, excessive tobacco/alcohol/drug consumption, sedentary lifestyle, over-exercising and age. Factors contributing to male infertility: genetic issues, endocrine problems, hormone imbalance and testicular malformations. Factors contributing to female infertility: ovulation issues, pelvic inflammatory disease, blockage of fallopian tubes, uterine issues and endometriosis.
Thanks to the rapid advances made by medical science, a range of treatments are available today that can treat infertility at various stages. Through a combination of fertility medication and surgery, cases of infertility can definitely be converted into success stories. The rate of success can vary depending on the method of treatment used.